Indege zitwara abantu zirashobora gutwara ibyuma bitandukanye byerekana ibyuma bifata ibyuma byifashishwa, bishobora kubona amakuru y’imirima myinshi kandi yuzuye kandi ikanagenzura neza uburyo bwinshi bwamakuru yubutaka. Amakuru nkaya akubiyemo cyane cyane amakuru yo gukwirakwiza ibihingwa (aho bahinga, kumenyekanisha amoko y’ibihingwa, kugereranya agace no guhindura imikorere ikurikirana, gukuramo ibikorwa remezo), amakuru y’ikura ry’ibihingwa (ibipimo bya fenotipiki y’ibihingwa, ibipimo by’imirire, umusaruro), hamwe n’impamvu ziterwa no gukura kw'ibihingwa (ubushuhe bwo mu murima , udukoko n'indwara) imbaraga.
Imirima Yumwanya Amakuru
Ahantu hegereye amakuru yubutaka burimo guhuza imiterere yimirima hamwe nibyiciro byibihingwa byabonetse binyuze mu ivangura rigaragara cyangwa kumenyekanisha imashini. Imipaka yumurima irashobora kumenyekana na geografiya ya geografiya, kandi ahantu ho gutera hashobora no kugereranywa. Uburyo gakondo bwo gushushanya amakarita yubutaka nkikarita shingiro yo guteganya uturere no kugereranya uturere bifite igihe gikwiye, kandi itandukaniro riri hagati yumupaka n’ibihe nyirizina ni rinini kandi rikabura ubushishozi, ibyo bikaba bidafasha gushyira mu bikorwa ubuhinzi bwuzuye. Indege ya kure ya UAV irashobora kubona amakuru ajyanye nubutaka bwumurima mugihe nyacyo, gifite ibyiza bitagereranywa byuburyo gakondo. Amashusho yo mu kirere avuye kuri kamera yibisobanuro bya digitale arashobora kumenya kumenya no kugena amakuru yibanze yubutaka bwimirima, kandi iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryimiterere yimiterere ritezimbere uburinganire bwimbitse nuburebure bwubushakashatsi ku makuru y’imirima y’imirima, kandi bikazamura imiterere y’ahantu hatangizwa amakuru y’uburebure. , ikamenya kugenzura neza amakuru ajyanye nubutaka bwimirima.
Ibihingwa bikura
Gukura kw'ibihingwa birashobora kurangwa namakuru ku bipimo bya fenotipiki, ibipimo by'imirire, n'umusaruro. Ibipimo bya fenotipiki birimo igifuniko cyibimera, icyerekezo cyibibabi, biomass, uburebure bwibimera, nibindi. Ibipimo bifitanye isano kandi biranga hamwe gukura kwibihingwa. Ibipimo bifitanye isano kandi hamwe biranga imikurire yibihingwa kandi bifitanye isano itaziguye numusaruro wanyuma. Biganje mubushakashatsi bwo gukurikirana amakuru yimirima kandi ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwakozwe.
1) Ibihingwa bya Fenotypic
Agace k'ibibabi (LAI) ni igiteranyo cy'ahantu h'ibabi ry'icyatsi kibisi ku buso bumwe, bushobora kuranga neza iyinjizwa ry'ibihingwa no gukoresha ingufu zoroheje, kandi bifitanye isano rya bugufi no kwegeranya kw'ibihingwa n'umusaruro wa nyuma. Agace k'ibibabi ni kimwe mu bintu nyamukuru bikura mu bihingwa bikurikiranwa na UAV ya kure. Kubara ibipimo byibimera (igipimo cyibimera kigereranijwe, igipimo cyibimera gisanzwe, icyerekezo cyubutaka butondekanya ibimera, icyerekezo cyibimera bitandukanye, nibindi) hamwe namakuru menshi kandi ugashyiraho uburyo bwo gusubira inyuma hamwe namakuru yukuri yubutaka nuburyo bukuze bwo guhindura ibipimo bya fenotipiki.
Hejuru yubutaka bwa biomass mugihe cyanyuma cyo gukura kwibihingwa bifitanye isano rya bugufi numusaruro nubwiza. Kugeza ubu, igereranya rya biomass ryakozwe na UAV kure y’ubuhinzi mu buhinzi iracyakoresha ahanini amakuru menshi, ikuramo ibipimo byerekana, kandi ikabara ibipimo by’ibimera bigereranywa; tekinoroji yimiterere yimiterere ifite ibyiza bimwe mubigereranyo bya biomass.
2) Ibipimo byerekana imirire
Gukurikiranira hafi imiterere yimirire yibihingwa bisaba gutoranya umurima hamwe nisesengura ryimiti yo murugo kugirango hamenyekane ibirimo intungamubiri cyangwa ibipimo (chlorophyll, azote, nibindi), mugihe indege ya UAV yifashisha ishingiye kubintu byerekana ko ibintu bitandukanye bifite ibimenyetso byihariye byo kwerekana-kwinjiza ibintu gusuzuma. Chlorophyll ikurikiranwa hashingiwe ku kuba ifite uturere tubiri twinshi two kwinjiza mu mucyo ugaragara, ni ukuvuga igice gitukura cya 640-663 nm naho igice cy'ubururu-violet cya 430-460 nm, mu gihe iyinjizwa rifite intege nke kuri 550 nm. Ibara ryibabi nibiranga imiterere bihinduka mugihe ibihingwa bibuze, kandi kuvumbura ibiranga imibare yibara ryimiterere nuburyo bujyanye nubusembwa butandukanye nibintu bifitanye isano nurufunguzo rwo kugenzura intungamubiri. Bisa no gukurikirana ibipimo bikura, guhitamo imirongo iranga, ibipimo byibimera hamwe nuburyo bwo guhanura biracyari ibyingenzi mubushakashatsi.
3) Umusaruro
Kongera umusaruro wibihingwa nintego nyamukuru yibikorwa byubuhinzi, kandi kugereranya neza umusaruro ni ngombwa haba mu buhinzi n’ishami rishinzwe gufata ibyemezo. Abashakashatsi benshi bagerageje gushyiraho urugero rwo kugereranya umusaruro hamwe nukuri guhanura neza binyuze mubisesengura byinshi.
Ubushuhe bw'ubuhinzi
Ubushuhe bwumurima bukurikiranwa nuburyo bwa infragre yubushyuhe. Mu bice bifite ibimera byinshi, gufunga stomata yibibabi bigabanya gutakaza amazi bitewe na transpiration, bigabanya ubushyuhe bwihishwa hejuru kandi bikongerera ubushyuhe bwumvikana hejuru, ibyo bigatuma ubwiyongere bwubushyuhe bwa kanopi, aribwo bifatwa nkubushyuhe bwikimera. Nkuko bigaragaza ingufu zingana n’ibihingwa byerekana umuvuduko w’amazi birashobora kugereranya isano iri hagati y’amazi y’ibihingwa n’ubushyuhe bwa canopy, bityo ubushyuhe bwa canopy bwabonywe na sensor yumuriro wa infrarafurike burashobora kwerekana imiterere yubutaka bwumurima; igitaka cyambaye ubusa cyangwa ibimera bitwikiriye ahantu hato, birashobora gukoreshwa muguhindura mu buryo butaziguye ubushuhe bwubutaka hamwe nubushyuhe bwubutaka, niryo hame ko: ubushyuhe bwihariye bwamazi ari bunini, ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe butinda guhinduka, bityo gukwirakwiza ahantu h'ubushyuhe bwo munsi y'ubutaka ku manywa birashobora kugaragarira mu buryo butaziguye mu gukwirakwiza ubuhehere bw'ubutaka. Kubwibyo, gukwirakwiza ahantu h'ubushyuhe bwo ku manywa birashobora kwerekana mu buryo butaziguye ikwirakwizwa ry’ubutaka. Mugukurikirana ubushyuhe bwa canopy, ubutaka bwambaye ubusa nibintu byingenzi bivanga. Bamwe mu bashakashatsi bakoze ubushakashatsi ku isano riri hagati y’ubushyuhe bw’ubutaka bwambaye ubusa n’ubutaka bw’ibihingwa, basobanura itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibipimo by’ubushyuhe bw’ibiti byatewe n’ubutaka bwambaye ubusa n’agaciro nyako, kandi bakoresheje ibisubizo byakosowe mu kugenzura ubushuhe bw’imirima kugira ngo barusheho gukurikiranwa neza. ibisubizo. Mu micungire y’umusaruro nyirizina w’ubuhinzi, imyanda yo mu murima nayo yibandwaho cyane, habaye ubushakashatsi bwifashishije amashusho yimikorere ya infragre kugirango ikurikirane imiyoboro y’amazi yohira, ubunyangamugayo bushobora kugera kuri 93%.
Udukoko n'indwara
Gukoresha hafi-ya-infrarafarike yo kugenzura ibyonnyi byindwara nindwara, bishingiye: amababi mukarere kegereye-infragre yerekana kugaragazwa nuduce twa sponge no kugenzura uruzitiro rwuruzitiro, ibimera bizima, ibyo byuho byombi byuzuyemo ubushuhe no kwaguka , ni byiza kwerekana imirasire itandukanye; iyo igihingwa cyangiritse, ikibabi cyangiritse, tissue iranyeganyega, amazi aragabanuka, imitekerereze ya infragre iragabanuka kugeza yatakaye.
Kugenzura ubushyuhe bwumuriro nubushyuhe nabwo ni ikimenyetso cyingenzi cyangiza udukoko nindwara. Ibimera mubuzima bwiza, cyane cyane binyuze mugucunga amababi afungura no gufunga amabwiriza ya transpiration, kugirango bigumane ubushyuhe bwabyo; mugihe cyindwara, impinduka zindwara zizabaho, patogene - imikoranire yabakiriye muri patogene ku gihingwa, cyane cyane ku bijyanye na transpiration ingaruka zabyo bizagena igice cyanduye cyubushyuhe no kugabanuka. Muri rusange, kumva ibimera biganisha ku gukingura gufungura stomatal, bityo transpiration ikaba iri ahantu harwaye kuruta ahantu heza. Guhinduranya imbaraga biganisha ku kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe bwaho bwanduye no gutandukanya ubushyuhe buri hejuru y’ibabi kuruta mu kibabi gisanzwe kugeza aho ibibabi bya nekrotike bigaragara hejuru y’ibabi. Ingirabuzimafatizo zo mu gace ka nérotic zarapfuye rwose, transpiration muri kiriya gice irazimira burundu, kandi ubushyuhe butangira kwiyongera, ariko kubera ko amababi asigaye atangira kwandura, itandukaniro ryubushyuhe hejuru yikibabi rihora hejuru kurenza iry'ibabi. igihingwa cyiza.
Andi Makuru
Mu rwego rwo gukurikirana amakuru yubutaka, amakuru ya UAV ya kure yunvikana afite intera nini ya porogaramu. Kurugero, irashobora gukoreshwa mugukuramo igice cyaguye cyibigori ukoresheje ibintu byinshi byerekana imiterere, bikagaragaza urwego rwikura ryamababi mugihe cyo gukura kwipamba ukoresheje indangagaciro ya NDVI, kandi ugatanga ikarita yerekana imiti ya acide abisisike ishobora kuyobora neza gutera acide acisisike kuri pamba kugirango wirinde gukoresha imiti yica udukoko, nibindi. Ukurikije ibikenerwa mu gukurikirana no gucunga imirima, ni inzira byanze bikunze iterambere ry’ejo hazaza h’ubuhinzi bwamenyeshejwe kandi bwifashishijwe mu buryo bwa digitale kugira ngo dukomeze gucukumbura amakuru y’amakuru y’indege ya UAV no kwagura imirima ikoreshwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-24-2024