Icyamamare no guhendwa n’ibinyabiziga bitagira abapilote (UAVs) byagiriye akamaro inganda nyinshi mu kugabanya ibiciro no kongera umutekano w’abakozi. Ariko tuvuge iki ku bumenyi bwa siyansi? Amajana, niba atari ibihumbi, yubumenyi na za kaminuza byigenga ku isi bakoresha izo ndege zitwara indege mu gukora ubushakashatsi bugoye bwa siyansi muburyo bushya.
Dukunze kwibanda kubikorwa byinganda nubucuruzi byindege zitagira abapilote, ariko siyanse yubumenyi nayo yungukirwa no guhendwa no kuboneka kwindege mugihe ingengo yimari itoroshye kandi igihe cyo kurangiza ubushakashatsi ni ngombwa.
Kurugero, abahanga benshi bo muri Polonye bafatanije mubushakashatsi bwimbitse bw’isuri ku nkombe, bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga rishya nka LiDAR yo mu kirere ndetse no koga.
Pawel Tysiac na Rafal Ossowski bo mu ishami ry’ubwubatsi n’ibidukikije muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Gdansk, ku bufatanye na Lukasz Janowski wo mu ishuri rya Maritime ryo muri kaminuza ya Maritime ya Gdynia na Damian Moskalewicz wo mu ishami rya Geomorphology na Quaternary Geology mu ishami ry’inyanja na geografiya ya kaminuza. y'inyanja ya Polonye (cyane cyane, uburebure bwa kilometero 1 yinyanja ya Baltique).
Uru rupapuro rwiswe "Isuzuma ryangirika ry’imisozi yo ku nkombe ukoresheje amakuru ya drone na orthophoto hamwe na LiDAR yo koga muri Google Earth Moteri". Yasohowe muri Raporo y’ubumenyi, Mutarama 2025 kandi ni urugero rwiza rwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya mu gukusanya amakuru ari ingenzi mu gusobanukirwa n’uburyo ibidukikije bihindura imiterere.
Twagize amahirwe yo kuvugana na Pawel Tysiac, umwe mu banditsi b'ubwo bushakashatsi, kugira ngo twumve neza ingaruka za drone na LiDAR ku mushinga wabo.
Pawel ati: "Uburyo bwa gakondo bwo gukurikirana isuri y’imisozi bisaba akazi gakoreshwa cyane mu murima no kubara bigoye kugabanywa ahantu hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa gakondo bwo gupima ubutaka". "Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, iterambere rya vuba mu bijyanye no kwiyumvisha kure no kwiga imashini ritanga uburyo bushya bwo gusuzuma iyangirika ry'imisozi kandi neza kandi neza."
Iyangirika ry’inyanja ryashimishije guverinoma n’abahanga ku isi hose uko umubare w’ibiza wiyongera kandi buri cyago gitera kwangirika kwinshi ku baturage n’ibidukikije.

"Muri iyi nyandiko, dukoresha ijambo 'bluff degradation' muri rusange. Turasobanura ko ari ingaruka rusange z’imihindagurikire y’imihindagurikire y’imisozi y’inyanja yatewe n’ibintu bitandukanye ndetse n’ibikorwa bitandukanye, birimo ibidukikije bigoye bya lithologique na hydrogeologique, ibikorwa by’imivumba y’imvura, imvura, umuyaga uhuha, n’ibikorwa by’abantu biganisha ku iterambere ry’imigendekere minini n'ingaruka zabyo, nk’imisemburo, impanuka. "Hashingiwe kuri ibi, icy'ingenzi muri ubu bushakashatsi ni uko icyerekezo cya elegitoroniki ya elegitoroniki yerekana ibintu bitandukanye mu turere twibasiwe no kwangirika. Ku bijyanye n’ibihuha byo ku nkombe, impinduka mu kwegeranya ibintu, ibimera n’ibindi bintu bishobora gutera itandukaniro rikomeye."
Uyu munsi, kure ya sensing nuburyo busanzwe bwo gukurikirana ibidukikije ku nkombe. Mugukoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwamashusho hamwe namakuru yakusanyirijwe muri satelite, urubuga rwo mu kirere, hamwe na sensor zishingiye ku butaka, abashakashatsi barashobora kubona amakuru arambuye kandi agezweho yerekeye ahantu h’inyanja. Amashusho yo gukemura ku gihe yemerera kureba impinduka muri morphologie yinyanja mugihe kandi bigafasha kumenya uduce twibasiwe n’ibiza. Muri iki kibazo, abanditsi bakoresheje amafoto yo mu kirere, atanga amashusho y’ibisubizo bihanitse bifasha ibisobanuro birambuye mbere na nyuma yo kugereranya. Ariko, hariho ikibazo cyibihe bitandukanye byo kumurika kumashusho, biganisha kubintu bitandukanye gutunganywa. Kubijyanye na Photogrammetrie, indege zigomba gukorwa mubihe bisa, ariko haracyari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bitandukanye mubihe bitandukanye muriki kibazo.
Pawel ati: "Twahisemo gukoresha LiDAR nk'uburyo bwo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’umucyo." .

Ikibazo cyavutse kubera ko igice cyo kwangirika kwinyanja kiboneka mumazi kigira uruhare runini mugutera iki kibazo, bityo icyemezo cyo gukoresha LiDAR nkigikoresho cyo koga.
Pawel yagize ati: "Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi biduha ubushishozi ku buryo imisozi yo ku nkombe yitabira imihindagurikire y’ikirere iriho ndetse n’ejo hazaza, cyane cyane izamuka ry’inyanja ndetse n’ibikorwa by’imvura byiyongera." "Gutezimbere ubushakashatsi bwa geotechnique hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryifashishwa mu kurebera kure nko gukoresha indege zitagira abapilote ndetse n’ubushakashatsi bwo mu kirere, bitanga icyitegererezo ku tundi turere duhura n’ibibazo bisa. Ubushishozi bwakuwe muri ubu bushakashatsi burashobora kumenyesha politiki y’imicungire y’inyanja atari muri Polonye gusa, ahubwo no mu tundi turere dufite imiterere y’imiterere y’ibidukikije ndetse n’ibidukikije.
Muguhuza amakuru yo mu kirere n’amazi avuye mu binyabiziga byigenga, iri tsinda ry’abahanga ryashoboye kuzamura ireme ry’amakuru, kumenya neza imyanzuro, hamwe n’ibikorwa bihagije kugira ngo bigabanye ibyangiritse ku turere ndetse n’abatuye mu turere twibasiwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-12-2025